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Material World
Mineral · CaWO4

Scheelite

Calcium tungstate — a tungsten ore that fluoresces a startling blue-white, which is how it was prospected before instruments.

Ore

Scheelite is a calcium tungstate and one of the two minerals the world's tungsten comes from. It is unusually heavy for something that is not obviously metallic — nearly six times the density of water — and that heft is the first clue in the hand.

The second is fluorescence. Under short-wave ultraviolet light scheelite glows an intense blue-white, brightly enough that prospectors worked deposits at night with a lamp. Few minerals give so unambiguous a field test, and fewer still one that can be applied to a whole hillside at once.

Uses

Tungsten's value is its melting point, the highest of any metal, and its hardness as a carbide. Scheelite is processed to tungsten trioxide and onward to the metal or to tungsten carbide, which is the cutting edge on most machine tooling.

The element is also on most critical-materials lists, because production is concentrated and no substitute matches carbide for hardness at the price.

Medium confidence Weak evidence

How we know: checked recently · only one source, so there is nothing to cross-check it against · stated directly by the source.

How this connects

Where a connection has been confirmed by an outside reference, that reference is named beside it.

is an ore of

  • Tungsten element · one of the two commercial tungsten ores Wikidata

is an input to

  • Smelting process · after conversion to the oxide
  • Froth flotation process · with a fatty acid collector rather than a xanthate, calcium minerals needing a different chemistry from sulfides

is a component of

  • Skarn rock · the tungsten mineral, and the reason skarn is the dominant source of that metal worldwide

contains

Sources

  • Material World
    Our own writing
  • Wikimedia Foundation · Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal (public domain dedication)
  • COD Advisory Board / Vilnius University · CC0 — contributors place data in the public domain

Questions this page answers

Where it comes from, and what it becomes

Follow Scheelite back to what it starts as, and forward into what it becomes. Each step is a documented one — a real route material takes, not a chain of inference.

Downstream — what it becomes

  • Scheelite → is an input to (after conversion to the oxide) → Smelting → produces (as blister copper, refined electrolytically afterwards) → Copper → is a component of → Bronze → is used to make (cast in a two-piece mould with a core, which is what bronze does better than the copper it replaced) → Bronze socketed axe → is associated with → Bronze Age complete chain
  • Scheelite → is an ore of (one of the two commercial tungsten ores) → Tungsten → is a component of (a heavy addition that stiffens the lattice against creep) → Nickel superalloy → is associated with (the jet engine created the industry, because no existing material survived the turbine inlet) → The wartime materials programmes complete chain
  • Scheelite → is an input to (with a fatty acid collector rather than a xanthate, calcium minerals needing a different chemistry from sulfides) → Froth flotation → is used in (the process that made low-grade disseminated sulfide deposits economic, and therefore made the modern copper industry) → Mining and quarrying → is associated with (steam pumping allowed mines below the water table, which is what made deep coal possible) → Industrial Revolution complete chain
  • Scheelite → is a component of (the tungsten mineral, and the reason skarn is the dominant source of that metal worldwide) → Skarn
  • Scheelite → is an ore of (one of the two commercial tungsten ores) → Tungsten → is used as (the incandescent filament, chosen for melting point alone) → Lighting
  • Scheelite → is an ore of (one of the two commercial tungsten ores) → Tungsten → is used as (in tool and high-speed steels) → Alloying

These are the most distinct paths onward. Scheelite ends up in others besides.